Norman ChutkanMD
Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine
2027 Medicare Advantage
Check your plan
Medicare Advantage plans for Maricopa County, AZ.
Use the name or plan ID on your member card, or choose your insurance company.
Directory results See what each insurance company reports
The 87 Medicare Advantage plans we show for Maricopa County, AZ in 2027
- 75 list Norman
- 12 not listed

Devoted
16 plans list Norman.
DEVOTED CHOICE 001 AZ (PPO)
Source: Devoted provider directory.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Suite 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 3591 S Mercy Rd, Suite 204, Gilbert, AZ, 85297
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthDEVOTED CHOICE MA ONLY 005 AZ (PPO)
Source: Devoted provider directory.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Suite 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 3591 S Mercy Rd, Suite 204, Gilbert, AZ, 85297
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthDEVOTED CORE 001 AZ (HMO)
Source: Devoted provider directory.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 3591 S Mercy Rd, Suite 204, Gilbert, AZ, 85297
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthDEVOTED CORE 020 AZ (HMO)
Source: Devoted provider directory.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 3591 S Mercy Rd, Suite 204, Gilbert, AZ, 85297
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a month

Humana
15 plans list Norman.
Humana Essentials Plus Giveback (PPO)
Source: Humana provider directory.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 220, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthHumana Essentials Plus Giveback (PPO)
Source: Humana provider directory.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 220, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthHumana Gold Plus H0028-028 (HMO)
Source: Humana provider directory.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 220, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthHumana Gold Plus H0028-074 (HMO)
Source: Humana provider directory.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 220, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a month

SCAN Health Plan
6 plans list Norman.
SCAN Classic (HMO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 220, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 10484 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 100, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 10494 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 102, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 8952 E Desert Cove Ave, Ste 113, Scottsdale, AZ, 85260
- 9321 W Thomas Rd, Ste 205, Phoenix, AZ, 85037
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthSCAN MyChoice (HMO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 220, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 10484 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 100, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 10494 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 102, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 8952 E Desert Cove Ave, Ste 113, Scottsdale, AZ, 85260
- 9321 W Thomas Rd, Ste 205, Phoenix, AZ, 85037
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthSCAN Walmart Medicare Advantage (HMO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 220, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 10484 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 100, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 10494 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 102, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 8952 E Desert Cove Ave, Ste 113, Scottsdale, AZ, 85260
- 9321 W Thomas Rd, Ste 205, Phoenix, AZ, 85037
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthSCAN Balance (HMO C-SNP)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 220, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 10484 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 100, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 10494 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 102, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 8952 E Desert Cove Ave, Ste 113, Scottsdale, AZ, 85260
- 9321 W Thomas Rd, Ste 205, Phoenix, AZ, 85037
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a month

Alignment Health Plan
5 plans list Norman.
Alignment Health ONE + Walgreens 001 (HMO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10th St, Ste B, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthAlignment Health Smart 005 (HMO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10th St, Ste B, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthAlignment Health Heart & Diabetes 003 (HMO C-SNP)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10th St, Ste B, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthAlignment Health Heart & Diabetes Plus 007 (HMO C-SNP)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10th St, Ste B, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a month

HealthSpring
5 plans list Norman.
HealthSpring Preferred (HMO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthHealthSpring Preferred Extra Savings (HMO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthHealthSpring Preferred Savings (HMO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthHealthSpring True Choice (PPO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a month

UnitedHealthcare
5 plans list Norman; not listed on 3 other plans.
AARP Medicare Advantage Essentials from UHC AZ-2 (HMO-POS)
$0a monthAARP Medicare Advantage Extras from UHC AZ-5 (HMO-POS)
$0a monthAARP Medicare Advantage from UHC AZ-002P (HMO-POS)
$0a monthAARP Medicare Advantage from UHC AZ-0003 (HMO-POS)
$26a month

Blue Cross Blue Shield of Arizona (AZ Blue) · Blue Cross Blue Shield of Arizona Health Choice
4 plans list Norman.
Blue Best Life Classic (HMO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 10494 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 108, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 10503 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 262, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10th St, Ste B, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 8952 E Desert Cove Ave, Ste 113, Scottsdale, AZ, 85260
- 9321 W Thomas Rd, Ste 205, Phoenix, AZ, 85037
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 210, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthBlue Best Life Select (HMO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 10494 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 108, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 10503 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 262, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10th St, Ste B, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 8952 E Desert Cove Ave, Ste 113, Scottsdale, AZ, 85260
- 9321 W Thomas Rd, Ste 205, Phoenix, AZ, 85037
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 210, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthBlue Best Life Plus (HMO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 10494 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 108, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 10503 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 262, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10th St, Ste B, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 8952 E Desert Cove Ave, Ste 113, Scottsdale, AZ, 85260
- 9321 W Thomas Rd, Ste 205, Phoenix, AZ, 85037
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 210, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$49a monthHealth Choice Pathway (HMO D-SNP)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a month

Gold Kidney Health Plan
4 plans list Norman.
Gold Dialysis & Kidney (HMO-POS C-SNP)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 10494 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 102, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 8952 E Desert Cove Ave, Ste 113, Scottsdale, AZ, 85260
- 9321 W Thomas Rd, Ste 205, Phoenix, AZ, 85037
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 210, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthGold Dialysis Premier (HMO-POS C-SNP)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 10494 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 102, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 8952 E Desert Cove Ave, Ste 113, Scottsdale, AZ, 85260
- 9321 W Thomas Rd, Ste 205, Phoenix, AZ, 85037
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 210, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthGold Heart & Diabetes (HMO-POS C-SNP)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 10494 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 102, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 8952 E Desert Cove Ave, Ste 113, Scottsdale, AZ, 85260
- 9321 W Thomas Rd, Ste 205, Phoenix, AZ, 85037
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 210, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthGold Dialysis & Kidney Complete (HMO-POS C-SNP)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 10494 W Thunderbird Blvd, Ste 102, Sun City, AZ, 85351
- 8952 E Desert Cove Ave, Ste 113, Scottsdale, AZ, 85260
- 9321 W Thomas Rd, Ste 205, Phoenix, AZ, 85037
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 210, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$16.80a month

Banner Medicare Advantage
3 plans list Norman.
Banner Medicare Advantage Prime (HMO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10th St, Ste B, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 210, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthBanner Medicare Advantage Dual (HMO D-SNP)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10th St, Ste B, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 210, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$16.80a monthBanner Medicare Advantage Dual (HMO D-SNP)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10th St, Ste B, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 210, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$16.80a month

eternalHealth
3 plans list Norman.
eternalHealth Harmony (HMO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10th St, Ste B, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a montheternalHealth Horizon (HMO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10th St, Ste B, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a montheternalHealth Valor Give Back (HMO-POS)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10th St, Ste B, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 14520 W Granite Valley Dr, Ste 190, Sun City West, AZ, 85375
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a month

Wellcare
3 plans list Norman.
Wellcare Simple (HMO)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthWellcare Arizona Complete Health Dual Liberty Sync (HMO D-SNP)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthWellcare Specialty Simple (HMO C-SNP)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a month

Wellpoint
3 plans list Norman.
Wellpoint Medicare Advantage (HMO-POS)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 1320 N 10th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthWellpoint Chronic Care (HMO-POS C-SNP)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 1320 N 10th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthWellpoint Lung Care (HMO-POS C-SNP)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 18444 N 25th Ave, Phoenix, AZ, 85023
- 1320 N 10th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a month

Verda Health Plan of Arizona
2 plans list Norman.
Verda Noble Care (HMO)
Source: Verda 2027 provider directory file.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 755 E MCDOWELL RD, PHOENIX, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10TH ST, STE B, PHOENIX, AZ, 85006
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a monthVerda Noble Chronic Care (HMO C-SNP)
Source: Verda 2027 provider directory file.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 755 E MCDOWELL RD, PHOENIX, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10TH ST, STE B, PHOENIX, AZ, 85006
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$0a month

Mercy Care Advantage
1 plan lists Norman; not listed on 2 other plans.
Mercy Care Advantage (HMO D-SNP)
Source: Medicare.gov provider data.
Listed offices for this plan:
- 755 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 1320 N 10th St, Ste B, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
- 1300 N 12th St, Ste 620, Phoenix, AZ, 85006
This result applies to these offices. Other locations are not confirmed.
$16.80a month

Aetna Medicare
Not listed on its 6 plans here. That isn't proof they're out of network.

Molina Healthcare of Arizona
Not listed on its 1 plan here. That isn't proof they're out of network.
Premiums are each plan's own monthly premium, as filed with Medicare. You keep paying your Medicare Part B premium.
Can't find your plan?Tell us the plan you have, and a licensed Silverpath advisor will check whether Norman takes it. Free.
Original Medicare
Original Medicare status
Most Medicare Supplement (Medigap) policies have no provider network: they help pay Original Medicare's cost sharing where Medicare is accepted. Medicare SELECT policies can require network providers for full benefits. Ask the office whether they accept Medicare.
Medicare enrollment and assignment have not been verified here. Advantage directory results do not answer this question.
No opt-out record in this CMS file. CMS's file covers data through 2026-08-31. This does not establish Medicare enrollment, assignment, or whether the office accepts new Medicare patients.
CMS opt-out source · Data through 2026-08-31 · Reviewed Oct 25, 2026
Where they practice
Practice location
- NPI issued
- 2006
- Registry record updated
- Aug 12, 2025
Medicare's clinician details aren't available on this page yet.
Questions
Common questions
Which 2027 Medicare Advantage plans list Norman Chutkan?
In Maricopa County, AZ, 75 Medicare Advantage plans for 2027 list Norman in provider data from Medicare.gov or the carrier, including DEVOTED CHOICE 001 AZ (PPO), DEVOTED CHOICE MA ONLY 005 AZ (PPO) and DEVOTED CORE 001 AZ (HMO). CMS matches apply to the covered offices shown with each plan; other offices are not confirmed. Networks can change during the year, so confirm with the office or the plan before you enroll.
Does Norman Chutkan take Devoted Medicare Advantage plans?
Devoted's own provider directory lists Norman on 16 Medicare Advantage plans for 2027 in Maricopa County, AZ, including DEVOTED CHOICE 001 AZ (PPO) and DEVOTED CHOICE MA ONLY 005 AZ (PPO). Confirm with the office or Devoted before you enroll.
Does Norman Chutkan take Humana Medicare Advantage plans?
Humana's own provider directory lists Norman on 15 Medicare Advantage plans for 2027 in Maricopa County, AZ, including Humana Essentials Plus Giveback (PPO). Confirm with the office or Humana before you enroll.
Does Norman Chutkan take SCAN Health Plan Medicare Advantage plans?
Medicare.gov provider data lists Norman on 6 Medicare Advantage plans for 2027 in Maricopa County, AZ, including SCAN Classic (HMO) and SCAN MyChoice (HMO). CMS matches apply to the covered offices shown with each plan; other offices are not confirmed. Confirm with the office or SCAN Health Plan before you enroll.
Where does Norman Chutkan practice?
18444 N 25th Ave, Ste 210, Phoenix, AZ 85023.
How do I confirm Norman is in my plan's network?
Call the member services number on your plan card and give them the NPI 1689682890, or ask a Silverpath advisor to check for you. It's free.
For providers
Is this your practice?
What patients see here today:
- Provider searches did not return a listing for Norman Chutkan on 7 plans from Aetna Medicare and Molina Healthcare of Arizona in Maricopa County, AZ. Other offices are not confirmed; this isn't proof the practice is out of network.
Tell us which plans you take, or want to take, and we'll keep this page accurate and talk with you about reaching more Medicare patients and carriers.